P2Y Receptor

P2Y receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activated by extracellular nucleotides (ATP, UTP, and UDP). There are eight mammalian P2Y receptor subtypes (P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y11, P2Y12, P2Y13, and P2Y14). The P2Y receptors are expressed in various cell types and play important roles in physiology and pathophysiology including inflammatory responses and neuropathic pain.

The P2Y family can be further divided into a subfamily of five P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, and P2Y11Rs (“P2Y1-like”) that stimulate phospholipase C (PLC) through Gq protein and a second subfamily of P2Y12, P2Y13, and P2Y14Rs (“P2Y12-like”) that inhibit adenylate cyclase through Gi protein. Other effector pathways have been documented, such as coupling of the P2Y11R to Gs as well as to Gq in some cells to induce stimulation of cyclic AMP production.

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